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Grappling With Climate Change and Overtourism, Italy Is Betting Big on Train Travel
(www.smithsonianmag.com)
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Italy is considered Western Europe? Huh.
Yes, western and east Europe are very well defined actually. There was a popular wall back in the days in Berlin to clearly symbolize the division.
Italy is west Europe, and it has never been "eastern" (while history of places like Greece is less well defined). It had the capital of western Europe at the time of the late roman empire, when the first big separation between west and east Europe happened
I (and many people around me) group Italy under southern Europe. Just like Spain, Portugal and Greece.
Western Europe for me is roughly France, Benelux, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Northern Europe is Scandinavia and Finland.
I'm sure others have a different view on this.
As an American I would consider all of what you classified as “Southern Europe” as “Western Europe”.
In fact, we would only divide Europe into only two primary regions; Eastern and Western (which generally includes both Scandinavia and the Mediterranean west of Turkey).
The division is primarily political/historical/cultural, with geography being secondary.