Only 63%?
Don_alForno
Even in your example above, with only two letters, no numbers / special characters allowed, requiring a capital letter decreases the possibilities back to the original 676 possible passwords - not less.
No it doesn't. It reduces the possibilities to less than the 52x52 possibilities that would exist if you allowed all possible combinations of upper and lower case letters.
You are confused because you only see the two options of enforcing or not allowing certain characters. All characters need to be allowed but none should be enforced. That maximizes the number of possible combinations.
that passwords should all require certain complexity, but without broadcasting the password requirements publicly?
No, because that's still the same. An attacker can find out the rules by creating accounts and testing.
By adding uppercase letters (for a total of 52 characters to choose from), you get 52 * 52 = 2704 possible passwords.
You don't add them, you enforce at least one. That eliminates all combinations without upper case letters.
So, without this rule you would indeed have the 52x52 possible passwords, but with it you have (52x52)-(26x26) possible passwords (the second bracket is all combinations of 2 lowercase letters), which is obviously less.
The only way you would decrease the number of possible passwords is if you specified that the character in a particular spot had to be uppercase
Wrong. In your example, for any given try, if you have put a lowercase letter in spot 1, you don't need to try any lowercase in spot 2.
Any information you give the attacker eliminates possible combinations.
Which is funny because those strict rules reduce the number of combinations an attacker has to guess from, thereby reducing security.
Yes, they had no other choice than to come up with their own story in this case. Still, it went downhill hard once there were no more books to cling to. Either their writers or the people directing them weren't up to the task.
Normal people have friends and family and would like to use social media to stay in touch with them.
Normal people stay in touch with their loved ones even if they are not on the same platform. You do not need everyday group chat noise for that.
Oh come on, that's like "all politicians lie". There is "I record every millisecond of your private life to sell to anybody with a fat enough wallet" evil and there is "I am raising prices this year because I can" evil. The two are not the same.
Nope. You cannot.
Of course they are. You can pay or consent to tracking.
You called bullshit on it being common on the continent, I provided examples from the continent.
100% ok. Be prepared for weird stuff happening to you whenever I need a plot hook.