Cablek has a nice primer on their website on it
https://www.cablek.com/technical-reference/cat-5---5e--6--6a---7--8-standards
the connector types used are also a part of the spec for example CAT7 standard cannot be achieved with an RJ45 (at least by the book) Though you might still use CAT7 rated cable for the additional interference resistance at longer distances with RJ45 connectors.
One employer actually asked if I played war thunder in an interview, which I thought was strange until I remembered these stories.