kartoffelsaft

Uganda ain't blue enough!

I honestly assumed I was colorblind in one eye (I am diagnosed, at least)

Surprised TOEM isn't on your list, given the premise is pretty much exactly what you describe. Last I checked it comes up on the first page or something if you sort steam by highest rated.

Lunacid might also be a good game. I think it fits your criteria for me, but that might just be for me.

I dunno, having two primes sum to a power of two is undeniably powerful in my experience. The number of times a calculation goes from tedious to trivial from this sum is incalculable. The lowest I'd put it is A.

There is the Anno series of games, which are technically RTS games but if I'm honest I find them the most fun when I go out of my way to avoid combat/micromanagement. I've only played 1404, 2070, and 2205, 2070 being the best in my opinion, but it has a bad history with DRM so I'd suggest 1404 (known as "Dawn of Discovery" in the US because us americans are afraid of numbers apparently).

Edit: looking at the steam page it looks like they decided to take 1404 down and made a new page where the game is (mostly) unchanged besides requiring you to jump through all the BS hoops that 2070 did, so I'd say if you're gonna spend money get 1404 on GOG, or if you are willing to do unspeakable things go with 2070.