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If it’s running off an SD card then it’s very likely the SD card is broken. It’s better to run a pi off a USB SSD drive. Hope you have backups. Good luck either way.
Edit (more context):
https://hackaday.com/2019/04/08/give-your-raspberry-pi-sd-card-a-break-log-to-ram/
https://hackaday.com/2022/03/09/raspberry-pi-and-the-story-of-sd-card-corruption/
I'll second that: every single issue I've had with any of the Pis that are around here have all been bad sd cards.
They're useful if you're using an OS that doesn't ever write to them, but as soon as you're using a full Linux distro or running software that is writing logs or data, they're going to fail and probably sooner than later and, of course, at the most annoying time possible because it's a computer and that's their thing.
OP mentioned a Minecraft server, iirc that can be pretty noisy in the logs.
Oof, and a minecraft server is also constantly writing the world state to disk which will 1000% kill a sd card in a hurry.
tldr Sudden Death card
😹 that's great
"He's dead Jim"
MicroSD cards aren't designed for a lot of writes. Your card it probably dead. If you must use a RPI with a SD card you should get an enterprise grade MicroSD
I think "endurance" cards are where you get something reasonably non-self-destructive, for a modest premium.
The enterprise cards are pricey but the can take a beating and have a large write capacity
I'll get an M.2 HAT and an ssd
That works although its not all that cost effective
SSDs are crazy cheap, what are you talking about? I think the added reliability and speed is absolutely worth it
Raspberry pis are expensive in general. That's what I meant my not cost effective
100€ for such a performant device (for the price) seems like a good deal to me
You can get more from a old PC for around the same cost. If it works for you that's good. I want to point out there are other options
If you think it's the filesystem try running fsck. It sounds like a failing storage device to me but there's not nearly enough information to say for sure
Could this possibly result in the loss of data? If so, what's a simple way to do a backup of an entire disk?
fsck almost certainly isn’t going to cause loss of data, but it will likely inform you about a loss that already occurred if that is the issue you are having.
ddrescue is probably your best bet
dd is the simplest: dd if=/path/to/disk/device of=/path/to/backup/file but it may fail with a broken device. ddrescue is similar but handles io errors appropriately and can retry bad reads.
If the disk is failing anything you do that reads or writes it could cause data loss. Even having it plugged in and powered potentially could. It depends on what component of it is failing.
That being said, fsck is pretty safe. It's the equivalent of chkdsk in windows, it looks specifically at the filesystem for things that may have gotten screwy.
ddrescue/gddrescue is your best bet for recovery. It can detect bad blocks and skip them, and it has some p robust resuming capabilities if your disk locks up while.its running. I usually use it to clone entire physical disks to another disk or an image file that can be mounted. I don't know if it can be used to grab specific files, I've never tried.
If it was me, I'd take the disk out and let it cool to room temperature. Then I'd ddrescue the whole thing, with resume turned on, to an image file. Then I'd run fsck. If fsck finds and recovers filesystem issues, I'd put it back in the pi, continue using it, and start doing regular backups of important files via a cron task.
I managed to get it working. fscked the microsd and copied the files over to my pc. I'm going to be running MC on my pc until I get the Raspberry Pi M.2 HAT and an SSD
That's great, glad to hear it. Start doing backups too!
I shall, thanks
Just as info, there are boards to add NVME and SATA drives. https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/m2-hat-plus/
I am aware of that, going to order one soon
I believe your SD it's fried, you should try using a variant of SBC with eMMC support. Like for example a Banana Pi M4 Berry or a Orange Pi 3B with eMMC module.