• East coast: old money, lots of drinking, cold weather, violence, power, liberalism, deciduous forests
• Southeast: southern hospitality, shithole school systems, conservativism, sweet tea, food influenced by french cuisine, nascar, lush vegetation
• Southwest: cowboys, ranch homes, cultural mixing with Mexico, drugs, art, desert and mountains
• West coast (basically california): hollywood, progressivism, new money, asian-pacific food influences, hippies, poop, surfing
• Northwest: best weed, created grunge genre, rainy, dismal, chill, northern european food influences, rainforests
• North-middle: liminal space, copy-pasted terrain, independent/libertarian, wheat, sparsely populated
• Midest: mix of conservative and liberal, plains farmland, cozy houses, desperate to define itself culturally (see Chicago architectural publications), corn, soybeans, and pigs, neutral accent, german and polish food influence

source: memory

I couldn’t resist… But Wikipedia should have tons of info on exactly this.

I recommend https://colinwoodard.com/books/american-nations/ It's a well written source on this subject. Woodard details eleven groups each with a shared cultural background, with names like New Netherland, Tidewater, El Norte, and the Left Coast. The Wikipedia page for the book has a broad outline of the ideas if you want an overview; but, the book is well worth a read if this is an area of interest for you.

The cultural regions are New England, the Mid-Atlantic, the South, the Midwest, the Mountain West and the Pacific.

Politically the South and Midwest are conservative. New England, Pacific, and Mountain regions are liberal. The Mid-Atlantic is a mix.

Cultural differences are largely based on popular religions or lack of religion.

That's about it, Americans are pretty much all the same no matter what state or region you are from.

I'm not from USA so I won't answer your question directly (other posters are better for that). Instead I'll point out a few things, based on knowledge of Linguistics plus other stuff:

• Cultural differences are somewhat objective, but how you split the cultures is subjective. As such don't be surprised if different maps show different divisions.
• Language usually play a huge role, and isoglosses are often used to demarcate cultures. However, people shouldn't confuse dialect+language with culture, as it's perfectly possible to lump together two populations of different dialects as the same culture, or to split a single dialect into multiple cultures. Also, dialects themselves tend to be subjective, like the above.
• Geography does play a role too, but it boils down to interaction between settlements and identity. For example you're more likely to contact the guy in the other city (thus share the same culture) if there's just plains between your cities, instead of a big fucking mountain.
• A good place to look at the cultural divisions is the original settlements. Based on that I think that it'll be easier to demarcate cultures in Eastern USA than in the West.
• More often than not cultures don't give a fuck about government borders. So don't be surprised if some cultures grab "chunks" of USA plus either Mexico or Canada.

Recent political shifts have substantially pitted "heartland" (Central states) against "coastal elites"; "heartland" is depicted as rural/traditionalist/uneducated whereas the coasts are rich and intellectual (with negative connotations for both)

There is a good general summary here.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2013/11/08/which-of-the-11-american-nations-do-you-live-in/